Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery

by Robert William Fogel

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5 out of 5 stars

Without Consent or Contract by Fogel, 2006-02-05
This is an excellent work on the impact of slavery in the Americas.
Between 1600-1800, the New World slaves numbered under 1/5 of the
population in the Western Hemisphere. Before the American
Revolution, sugar was approximately 1/5 of English imports and
slaves produced commodities in England at about 30% . Sugar
plantations had a sugar factory with 20% slave labor. The workers
ground the sugar between rollers to extract juice. The juice
was filtered to remove impurities. Curing sugar involved
dripping molasses and a distillation process leading to rum.
In Cuba, railroad production was encouraged to serve the growing
sugar industry. The process of converting peasants to industrial
laborers was difficult due to the extreme resistance.

In the 20s and 30s, Stalin complained about resistance of
Russian muzhiks to the demands of modern assembly lines.
Andrew Ure, the apostle of the factory system, noted that it was
nearly impossible to convert persons past puberty to become
useful factory hands. This was due to the behavioral unwillingness to be dehumanized. The absence of sugar production
in the USA meant fewer slaves proportionately than in the
Caribbean. Cotton was not a major crop until the 19th century.

Between 1800-1860, there was a westward movement of cotton and
slaves. The Civil War achieved continued struggle of poor blacks
and whites and an improved economy. The contents of this book
would be an important contribution to American and World History
texts.

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